Skip to main content

John Pennington, Baron Muncaster

Name
John Pennington
First name
John
Last name
Pennington
Born 1741
Died October 08, 1813
Gender
0
Alias
Baron Muncaster
Biography

Military officer and Tory politician. Muncaster was a son of Sir Joseph Pennington, 4th Baronet, and Sarah Moore. Married (1778) to Penelope Compton (d. 1806). 

Muncaster joined the military at an early age, enlisting in the 3rd Regiment of Foot as Ensign in 1756. In 1762, he was promoted Captain, and he rose further through the ranks to become Lt-Col in the 37th Regiment of Foot before his retirement in 1775.

In 1781, he was elected Member of Parliament for Milborne Port. He held this seat until 1796, before transferring to Colchester, which he represented until 1802. In 1806, he was returned for Westmoreland, and sat for the county until his death in 1813.

In 1783 Muncaster was also elected to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Muncaster. Due to him and his wife having no male heirs, he was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, Lowther (1745-1818).

Life with Boswell

Boswell and Dr Johnson met Lt-Col Pennington, as he then was, at Fort George on August 28, 1773, while on their tour of Scotland. They dined with the then commander of the Fort, Sir Eyre Coote, and several of his officers, including Pennington and Major Brewse of the Royal Engineers. 

Sir Eyre Coote, KB MP

Name
Eyre Coote
First name
Eyre
Last name
Coote
Born 1726
Place of birth
in Ireland

Died April 28, 1783
Place of death
in Madras, India
Cause of death
from a stroke
Gender
0
Biography

British military officer and Member of Parliament. Son of the Reverend Chidley Coote and Jane Evans. Married (1763) to Susannah, a daughter of Charles Hutchinson, the Governor of St. Helena, but died without issue.

In the early 1740s, Coote entered the 27th Regiment of Foot. He first saw active service during the 1745 Jacobite rebellion, later obtaining a Captaincy in the first regular British regiment to serve in India, the 39th. He stayed in India until 1762, rising through the ranks to Lieutenant-General and Commander of the British East India Company's forces in the Bengal. 

In 1768, he was elected M.P. for Leicester, before transfering to Poole in 1774. He returned to India in 1779, assuming command of the company forces there. He relinquished command in 1782, but, shortly before his death in Madras in 1783, was persuaded to return to his command due to increasing French harassment, and ruptures between the governor and new commander in chief. 

Life with Boswell

Boswell and Dr Johnson met Coote at Fort George near Inverness while on their tour of Scotland in late august 1773. In the afternoon, they had dinner with Sir Eyre and several officers. Boswell described Eyre as having "something between the Duke of Queensberry and my late worthy friend Captain Cuninghame in his manner," and as being "a most gentlemanlike man". Boswell wrote that Eyre "had come from the East Indies by land, through the deserts of Arabia," and that he told the assembled company about the Arabs' ability to live for days without victuals, praising their virtue.

As Boswell and Johnson left the fort in the early evening, Sir Eyre went downstairs and saw them into their chaise. According to Boswell, "[t]here could not be greater attention paid to any visitors".

 

Literature

The life of Sir Eyre Coote is presented in much detail in Colonel H. C. Willy's 1922 biography of Coote, A Life of Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre Coote, K. B., published by Oxford's Clarendon Press. It is an impressive and large volume with more than 500 pages and several illustrations. First editions are sometimes available via the AbeBooks used books search engine; otherwise it is available as a free PDF scan on archive.org.

Portrait media

John Brewse - Royal Engineers

Name
John Brewse
First name
John
Last name
Brewse

Died 1785
Date of death (prefix)
abt.
Place of death
in Ipswich
Gender
0
Biography

Brewse was a military engineer, who, in 1749 as part of Edward Cornwallis' expedition there, created the first surveys of Halifax in Nova Scotia. He was largely responsible for building the defences of the town, protecting it against native and Acadian attacks. In 1757, when the engineers received military status, he was given the title of Captain Lieutenant, and in 1758 he participated in an expedition against Louisbourg, Île Royale. In 1762 he is known to have been stationed in Portugal, helping build up defences against the Spanish, and he later spent several years at the Ordnance office in London. He was a Major in the Royal Engineers from 1772 to 1777, before, in 1778 as a Lieutenant-Colonel, being appointed Chief Engineer of Minorca. He was promoted Colonel in 1780.

Brewse had at least one daughter, Mary, who married Lieut. William Kesterman, also of the Engineers.

Life with Boswell

While on the tour of Scotland in 1773, Boswell and Dr Johnson met Major Brewse, as he then was, at Fort George near Inverness. In his journal, Boswell described him as "a man who seemed to be very intelligent in his profession, and spoke with uncommon deliberation and distinctness.". 

During their conversation Brewse said "he believed [Brewse] was originally the same Norman name with Bruce. That he had dined at a house in London where were three Bruces, one of the Irish line, one of the Scottish, and himself of the English line. He said he was shown it in the Herald Office spelled fourteen different ways. I told him the different spellings of my name. Mr Johnson observed that there had been great disputes about the spelling of Shakespeare’s name."1

 

George Fern - Master of Stores at Fort George

Name
George Fern
First name
George
Last name
Fern
Gender
0
Biography

Master of stores at Fort George near Inverness from ca. 1750 to at least 1773.

Life with Boswell

While on their tour of Scotland, Boswell and Dr Johnson received a letter of introduction to George Fern, then Master of Stores at Fort George, from Valentine White at Cawdor on August 27. On the next day, the travelling companions continued from Cawdor to Fort George, where they were immediately introduced to Fern and a Major Brewse. According to Boswell, Fern "was a brisk civil man. He had been in the Fort for twenty years, but had been at different intervals in London and other places."

After a tour of the Fort and a meeting with Sir Eyre Coote, commander of the 37th Regiment, Boswell and Johnson reposed themselves for a bit in Fern's quarters. According to Boswell, "[Fern] had everything in neat order as in England. He had a tolerable collection of books. I looked at Pennant. He says little of this fort but that the barracks, etc., form several streets. This is aggrandizing. Fern observed if he had said they form a square with a row of buildings before it, he would have given a juster description." At three, they joined Sir Eyre for supper together with Fern and several officers, discussing various subjects including the stage and the virtues of Arabs. They "had a dinner of two complete courses, variety of wines, and the regimental band of music playing in the square before the windows after it," and according to his journal, Boswell "enjoyed this day much.".

They stayed at the Fort until early evening before going on to Inverness.

Valentine White - Factor at Cawdor

Name
Valentine White
First name
Valentine
Last name
White
Born 1717
Date of birth (prefix)
abt.

Died 1784
Gender
0
Biography

A welshman who, in the second half of the 18th century, served for several years as factor of the estate of Cawdor/Calder between Nairn and Inverness, on behalf of its owner, John Campbell of Stackpole Court and Cawdor (1695-1777), MP and the last hereditary Sheriff of Nairn. 

Several pages in George Bain's History of Nairnshire (1893) are dedicated to White's factorship of Cawdor and his correspondence with his laird.1

Life with Boswell

Boswell and Dr Johnson met White at the Manse of Cawdor between Nairn and Inverness on August 27, 1773. White invited them to his home, but they had not time to accept. He provided them with an introduction to Mr Fern, master of stores at Fort George, one of the next stops on their journey through Scotland.

White later informed his employer, John Campbell, the laird of Calder, who himself lived in Stackpole, Wales, about his meeting with the two famous visitors. The laird wrote back, that "The weakness of Mr Boswell, in regard to the foolish and absurd stories which abound in the Highlands, and indeed in all very remote and lonely places, amazes me. Mr Johnson is a learned and ingenious man, and his Dictionary a useful book ; but there are some things in it which, I fancy, he now wishes were not there. For instance the articles on ' oats ' and ' excise/ which are both silly and impertinent ; and I observed two or three things in Mr Boswell's books which I thought wrong ; but no man is or can be without failings."1

  • 1 Cf. George Bain's History of Nairnshire (1893), p. 371

Alexander Grant - Church of Scotland Minister

Name
Alexander Grant
First name
Alexander
Last name
Grant
Born 1743
Died June 28, 1828
Gender
0
Biography

Church of Scotland minister. Son of George Grant (1700-1772), Minister of Kirkmichael, and Ann Chapman. Married (1782) to Grace Fraser, with whom he had several children. One of their sons, James Grant (1790-1853) became Minister at Nairn, while another, George Grant (b. 1787) became a merchant in Liverpool.

Alexander Grant was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, from where he graduated M.A. in 1759. He spent some years as a missionary at Fort William from 1764, before becoming minister of the Parish of Daviot and Dunlichity near Inverness on April 2, 1771. He was translated to the nearby Parish of Cawdor in 1779 upon the death of its previous minister Kenneth Macaulay.

 

Life with Boswell

Boswell and Dr Johnson met Alexander Grant at the Manse of Cawdor on August 27, 1773, as they stayed there for the night as guests of Kenneth Macaulay, the local minister. Boswell described him as "an intelligent and well-bred minister". According to Boswell, Grant told them "a story of an apparition, which he had from the Rev. Mr Grant at Nigg, who saw it.". Later, Dr Johnson went with Grant to see their host's library, which Johnson thought "rather a lady’s library, with some Latin books in it by chance." In the evening, Grant said prayer, and he and Boswell slept in the same room for the night, while Dr Johnson had a room for himself.1

Grant joined them again at Mr Keith's in Inverness on the 29th, where he had tea with them, and he and Keith supped with them at their inn in the evening.

 

  • 1Some passages taken from

Kenneth Macaulay - Author of the History of St Kilda

Name
Kenneth Macaulay
First name
Kenneth
Last name
Macaulay
Born 1723
Died 1779
Gender
0
Biography

Church of Scotland minister. Son of Aulay Macaulay (1663-1758) and Margaret Morrison. Married (1758) to Penelope Macleod, with whom he at least one child, Niel, who became a missionary minister at the island of Harris in the Outer Hebrides.

Kenneth Macaulay was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, where he graduated M.A. on April 1, 1742. On November 15, 1749, he was appointed missionary to Lochaber, but declined it, and on November 20, 1751, he was ordained as assistant and successor to his father, a minister of Harris, whom he succeeded as sole pastor in 1750. In 1761 he was presented by Archibald, Duke of Argyll, to the parish of Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire, and was admitted there on July 15. On October 10, 1772, he was translated to the Parish of Calder between Nairn and Inverness.

In 1759, Macaulay was sent on a special mission to St. Kilda, based on which, in 1764, he published his History of St. Kilda. The book later became the source of some controversy, as Dr Johnson and others disputed his authorship of the volume. 

Life with Boswell

Boswell and Johnson visited Kenneth Macaulay at his home in Cawdor on Friday, August 27, 1773, while on their tour of Scotland. The conversation naturally turned to Macaulay's History of St Kilda, of which Johnson said that it was "a very pretty piece of topography." According to Boswell, in his Tour of the Hebrides, "from his conversation Mr Johnson was persuaded that [Macaulay] had not written the book which goes under his name. I myself always suspected so. Mr Johnson said there was a combination in it of which Macaulay was not capable, and he said to me privately, “Crassus homo est.”" 

Even so, Macaulay gave them a "good hospitable dinner", and in the afternoon they went to the nearby Old Castle of Cawdor. In the evening, at the Manse, they were joined by Mr Grant, minister at Daviot and Dunlichity, and Mr White, a Welshman who had been factor on the estate of Cawdor. Macaulay also advised Boswell as to their travelling route further through the Highlands and the Hebrides, and Boswell later recounted their visit and conversations with Macaulay in some detail in his Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides.

Boswell's comments on Macaulay in Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, or rather, his recounting of Johnson's opinion of him, were to have lasting consequences, as, almost 50 years after its publication, in 1831, they probably influenced Macaulay's grand nephew, Thomas Babington Macaulay's review of the, then, new edition of The Life of Johnson edited by John Wilson Croker. Lord Macaulay wrote in his review that "[o]f the talents which ordinarily raise men to eminence as writers, Boswell had absolutely none""Many of the greatest men that ever lived have written biography. Boswell was one of the smallest men that ever lived, and he has beaten them all. He was, if we are to give any credit to his own account or to the united testimony of all who knew him, a man of the meanest and feeblest intellect." and "impertinent, shallow and pedantic, a bigot and a sot, bloated with family pride, and eternally blustering about the dignity of a born gentleman." These remarks by T. B. Macaulay are generally considered to be greatly responsible for Boswell's poor reputation for the ensuing century, until the discovery of his personal papers in the 1920s.

 

Literature

First editions and later reprints of Macaulay's History of St Kilda are usually available via the AbeBooks used books search engine. 

Rachel McClellan

Full name
Rachel McClellan
First name
Rachel
Last name
McClellan
Born 1928
Died 2009
Biography

Rachel McClellan (née Pott) was the sometime managing editor of the Yale Boswell Editions, Yale University.

She was married to the distinguished Japanologist Edwin McClellan (1925-2009), Sterling Professor Emeritus of East Asian Language and Literature at Yale, whom she predeceased by just a few months.

Subscribe to