Daughter of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707-1751), and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Sister of King George III of Great Britain. On January 16, 1764 she married Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Brunswick-Lüneburg, with whom she had seven children.
Following the death of her husband in battle in November 1806 she fled from Brunswick before the French troops to England. Her brother, King George III, granted her the Ranger's House in Greenwich, in close proximity to her daughter Caroline Amalie, who had married her cousin, the Prince of Wales, later to become King George IV.
Augusta died in March 1813 from a flu-like illness and was buried in the royal crypt of St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Boswell went to see the arrival to Utrecht of Augusta and her husband Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand on February 10, 1764, shortly after their wedding. On June 27, 1764 Boswell arrived in Brunswick, and he was received at the court of Augusta and Karl Wilhelm. On the next day he dined with the couple and had a nice conversation with the princess. He described her as "excessively affable [talking] to me with the greatest ease of the Catch Club, Lord Eglinton, Lord March, and other English topics."
On August 13, 1764, Boswell had the pleasure and honor of dancing a minuet with the princess, at the court of Brunswick, and on August 18 he dined at her court.